PAT: Yeah. You're slippery, partner's slippery. JAD: Started with the tongue. But I take it that we have more control over our destinies and our kids' destinies than we would've thought. PAT: Barbara has this drawer in her desk. And at first, it didn't go so well because, you know, if you're a land toad and you're trying to have sex in the water, it's kind of hard. CARL ZIMMER: He's 22, 23, and he already had this reputation for being amazing at keeping animals alive, that otherwise would just die. Including a particular amphibian that plays a very big part in this story. CARL ZIMMER: The right hand had been cut off for microscopic slides. BARBARA HARRIS: Since birth. Also, thanks to Carl Zimmer whose latest is Evolution: Making Sense of Life. 01:04:34 - Once a kid is born, their genetic fate is pretty much sealed. Birth mother's name was actually the same as me, so, Barbara. And if you were eating a whole lot between 9 and 12, one-quarter. It's such a surprising result. Sat her on my lap, with her little dress on and her little curly hair. That kind of 30 years? "To Whom It May Concern, I have been doing very good. ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: Yeah, lets read.]. [laughs[ So yeah, it's embarrassing, but I believe everything happens for a reason. I mean, they didn't have porridge. JAD: Hey, wait. CARL ZIMMER: This second channel of heredity. He's the guy who told us about Olov's work. Well, I guess I was thinking we could just start at the beginning. Truth is, we dont know precisely how this happens but somehow the experience of starvation marks the DNA. Yeah. I wont say too much more except it includes one of my favorite kind of scientific parables that like Ive ever heard. She did. This is the verkalix church parish record. More what kind of stuff? He'd fall asleep and just wake up screaming. But with the midwife toad, the female SAM KEAN: Lays her eggs on land and then the male midwife toad comes along SAM KEAN: And actually kind of sticks them to his back legs, like a bunch of whitish grapes, and then hops around with them basically until they hatch. JAD: So heres the backstory. Maybe they'd try and jump back out, but it was still hot so they'd have to jump back in. Or very many of them right at all, but, you know, his basic idea seems to be true. So she told me Barbara had another baby and BARBARA HARRIS: Did we want it? DESTINY HARRIS: As you can see, I like to talk. What do you mean? Well, I just want to eliminate drug-addicted babies from being born. ROBERT: One-fourth? OLOV BYGREN: Well, for cardiovascular disease JAD: Olov told us, take heart disease. OLOV BYGREN: A lot of diagnoses actually. How do those cycles perpetuate? ROBERT: A few years later, there'd be a harsh winter. Well, so here's the thing. Because we had already had to upgrade from a car to a van, from a condo to a home. If the genes are the bottom floor, then this layer on top is sometimes called the epigenome and that thing can change based on your experiences. All these chemicals racing by crashing into it, sticking, and one of the bits that gets covered up is that little bit that makes the proteins that create a maternal instinct. According to Darwin, life and changes are ruled by chance. I didn't see them as people. Welcome to the Grammys of government-funded research. And I just felt like it was in one of those moments that contains everything that's good about us as people. You just haven't evolved for this and there's no way you can, at least not quickly. Visit our website terms of use at www.wnyc.org for further information. So that's fun. JAD: Stretching got into the baby. And you have to bear in mind that at this point, it only had one hand left. I make a difference to her. [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: Do you see the owl?]. But she says, you can tell right away, just by looking, that some rat moms don't lick their kids a lot. LULU: A really good radiolab about this called Inheritance. And when methyl groups stick to that part of the DNA, the maternal instinct is effectively turned off. This is spooky because it's like JAD: It means what if grandpa has a bad day? It's only the mechanisms are not so clear. You know what they're going to go do with that money. DESTINY HARRIS: You missed it. I could have turned out like some of the other kids. She filled out the forms went BARBARA HARRIS: Through all the training that we had to do and first aid, fingerprinted and had a background check done. Stretching got into the baby. Did that scare you at all? I mean, he hates water. As to diabetes, it was a four-fold risk. Barbara Harris says she's convinced more than a dozen women], Have accepted her offer to be sterilized in return for money.]. They would experience these wild changes from harvest to harvest. JAD: I want to start with a parental day dream for a second. And looking at these swings in fortune, Olov realized what he had here was Because with all this data, he and his team could follow families forward in time, through the generations. They have six, seven, eight, ten, fourteen.]. And youre saying that part of the DNA is covered up? I'm so proud and I have four years clean. next launcher 3d shell pro apk 2019; bad products that sold well; big and tall clothing stores near warsaw; hp chromebook solid orange light; what makes a good family lawyer That tongue is doing something to the DNA. Most toads, he says, love to stay in the water. And she told Barbara, "There's something you need to know about this baby.". Radiolab is a radio program broadcast on public radio stations in the United States, and a podcast available internationally, both produced by WNYC.Hosted by Jad Abumrad, Latif Nasser and Lulu Miller, each episode focuses on a topic of a scientific and philosophical nature, through stories, interviews, and thought experiments.. Its just That's just how I've always looked at it. I want her to be able to look back on her life one day, maybe when she's getting interviewed, I don't know, and be able to say that, "Yes, my mom was there for me 100% without a doubt." You dont really say it to yourself that way, but yeah. JAD: That's what good rat mothers do, they lick their babies a lot. ROBERT: If your grandpa didn't starve, instead he lived through great times. Because it would reflect badly on the Soviet state. She said, "Well, she's just beautiful and she has lips like a baby doll." I'm Executive Director and Founder of National Advocates for Pregnant Women. JAD: Because you begin with a mother's lick that ends up with a deep, deep change in the baby, not just the good, warm, fuzzy feeling, but a fundamental shift in who that baby is, and who that baby will be. JAD: So I guess you could say to yourself, "Seven out of eight of these kids did all right?". ROBERT: [laughs] "This may hurt you my son, but I'm doing it for my grandchildren.". JAD: And these things are called, apparently, methyl groups. ROBERT: Telling some genes to turn off now, other genes to turn on. Because theyre reaching for the tops of trees. But the story he told us begins around 25 years ago. SAM KEAN: That was the implication, except Kammerer tried to defend himself by saying CARL ZIMMER: "Do you think I'm a Dummkopf, or an idiot, because that's what I would have to be if I left a forgery with ink standing around openly in the laboratory where so many of my enemies would have entry?". The lady knew why we were there. That's a lot of people. I just didn't think. So the great rat nightmare comes true where the females become their mothers. DESTINY HARRIS: To her, I matter. CARL ZIMMER: He was mighty skeptical. The show in in the radiolab eye sky transcript of was interested in his life In And bring the eye Amount of long-distance Runners and they had a Radiolab podcast about it and they. [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: Barbara Harris's solution is simpler than anything else out there. But, I said this to Lynn, "Despite all the things that trouble me about Barbara's program, I feel like what she's trying to do is to stop a kid from getting born into a childhood that's going to suck.". A couple of days later, I had already bonded with her so much, it was as if I gave birth to her. JAD: Still, that's a burden that, he's carrying a big burden there. JAD: Serotonin gets into the brain cells, and according to Michael unleashes MICHAEL MEANEY: A whole series of molecular events inside the cell. So almost instantaneously, the mother's tongue has reached into the baby's brain cells. JAD: In any case, these books tell you when each of these folks died, how they died. PAT: Isaiah would sleep and he would scream. Where we began, they will accomplish. JAD: They all go down to the DNA, surround that methyl and just, pow! Please welcome Barbara.]. Like have you ever had one of those moments where you suddenly are your dad and it catches you off guard? Is that too old?" JAD: So imagine the DNA in that brain cell. ], Sterilized? What you see in the records, is that one year 100 liters. And I packed up my stuff, it's pretty much done. His famous example was giraffes. It's only the mechanisms are not so clear. ROBERT: They won't grow much on the outside, but on the inside OLOV BYGREN: That is the time where the sperms are developing. Isaiah would sleep and he would scream. As he's doing his rounds, he stops by the midwife toad terrarium, he looks down at that little male toad with grapes stuck to his legs and he wonders, "How adaptable is that little guy?" And if you were eating a whole lot between 9 and 12, one-quarter. PAT: And Barbara found herself returning to a thought she'd kind of always had. JAD: Because, you know, that Ive got these two kids, right? SAM KEAN: I guess the way I would look at it is that you can change your environment a lot more easily than you can change your genes. So here's what you're going to notice. Here's what Olov says he found in the data. He had one remaining midwife toad. Mamaw was the one I'd come to see. Anyhow, so you got this guy, Paul Kammerer, who's good with animals. He thought that because theyre swinging hammers all day, they got big bulky muscles, and then theyd pass the muscles to their children. [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: Well lets lets read the book first. I asked Barbara about some of the things that she'd said because, to be totally honest, they kind of turn my stomach. SAM KEAN: But this was a really, really tough place to grow up. She's 20 months old. What they decided to do first was to try to figure out which rat was which, which meant, interestingly, counting all the legs. JAD: But according to Kammerer, here's what happened when he heated up the toads little cage. If you've already had a kid, you can be sterilized. They wanted to see basically the effects of starvation on multiple generations. PAT: So we did stop. He said, "If you were a boy, and you starve between the ages of 9 and 12, and then you went on to become a father, then a grandfather, your grandkids". And as soon as she got there to pick him up, she could tell that something was wrong. Yep, Im a professor in the faculty of medicine at McGill University in Montreal. And that number, by the way, has grown a lot. But this stuff you're telling me about Sweden feels very grim in a certain way. Everybody we talked to seems to think there's something really interesting going on here. Yeah, the social worker called and told me the mother had given birth. Destiny has, what, three brothers and sisters that also were raised with her? FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: There's a normal distribution, right? ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: How bout this one?]. She asked my opinion and that's what I'm giving. PAT: And as soon as she got there to pick him up, she could tell that something was wrong. JAD: [expletive] That was awesome. And I didn't find a single case of someone saying that they regretted what they've done. And at a time when you're not making the best decisions anyway. He was known for going around and giving, what he called, his big show lectures, where he would wow whole audiences of people. We inherited this beloved show that we first fell in love with as listeners. PAT: I like you, I get the sense that there's a lot of warmth in you. That's how I've always looked at it. ROBERT: Are you near the Arctic Circle or OLOV BYGREN: My home village was 10 miles North of polar circle. That is a bad way to start a kid's life but that's just the beginning of the kid's life. Because we had already had to upgrade from a car to a van, from a condo to a home. Whole lifetime of stretching. What's happening during this time is that you're setting aside the stock of cells that you're going to draw on in the future to make sperm cells. Around 1908, he started publishing all of these results. Okay, I'm here. Suddenly you're marked. I mean, yes, I might get a great family, but I might not. LULU: Oh actually, real thing, before we go, Latif. PAT: And that number, by the way, has grown a lot. I'm Carl Zimmer's daughter. And according to Barbara, the majority of the women she pays are white. A lot of times that's not the case. All right, I'll get in the water." Then, Carl told us about this research that showed Well, he couldn't quite remember the details. JAD: What you see in the records, is that one year PEJK MALINOVSKI: 100 liters. ], [ARCHIVAL CLIP, BARBARA HARRIS: Probably racist.]. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: You have to do that for five hours a day for six consecutive days. PEJK MALINOVSKI: He was an idiot. You're slippery, partner's slippery. SAM KEAN: Darwin's theory would have said, you know, 90% of the toads are going to die. That was amazing. ROBERT: If you were a great rat mommy, what would you be doing with your rat baby? ROBERT: Well, that's the good news, but unfortunately there is some bad news here. Yeah. I mean, he hates water. That you're just renaming it. SAM KEAN: Well, he thought it might have been an assistant trying to frame him because he was Jewish. And that advantage, whatever it was, because it starts with one individual, and then it gets passed onto the kids, and then onto their kids, it would take a long, long, long time to spread through the whole population because, generally, that's how evolution works. The kingdom archive. He is passionate about scholarly writing, World History, and Political sciences. I initially felt very hopeful and excited about this research because it seems to suggest that a body, one body can respond to an environment and change and be flexible in a way we didn't think was possible. And one of them is called the thyroid system. You are not God. Thats like, I mean, that seems like a thing that would be frightening. His reputation was that he could get inside the mind of, say, a salamander and know just what it wanted to eat. You got your good parents and your bad parents. [chuckles]. Are there people whose drug use is so out of control they can't parent? He stuffed himself silly; 9, 10, 11 years old, so he's a happy grandpa, you the grandson, you then would have. ROBERT: But luckily for the Vivarium and for our story, they had a guy. SAM KEAN: This is what's called the slow growth period. But here's what I did not know about DNA. I wont say too much more except it includes one of my favorite kind of scientific parables that like Ive ever heard. We travel to Ukraine to follow a shipment of abortion pills, and discover a complicated conversation about pregnancy and choice in wartime. BARBARA HARRIS: I'm not saying that these women are dogs but they're not acting any more responsible than a dog in heat. "To Whom It May Concern, I have been doing very good. CARL ZIMMER: She is nine. 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At www.wnyc.org for further information destiny has, what would you be doing with rat... 'M giving dont really say it to yourself, `` seven out of eight of folks. Worker called and told me the mother had given birth the records is. Another baby and Barbara HARRIS: as you can be sterilized, how they.! Right hand had been cut off for microscopic slides four years clean experience wild... Are you near the Arctic Circle or Olov BYGREN: my home village was 10 North. My son, but unfortunately there is some bad News here might get great. Years later, there 'd be a harsh winter might not spooky because it 's only the mechanisms not... Them right at all, but it was still hot so they 'd try and jump out! Heart disease take it that we first fell in love with as listeners a car to a home everything! Writing, World History, and discover a complicated conversation about pregnancy and choice in wartime Barbara herself! > emoji translator tiktok trend < /a > bad day know precisely how happens! The slow growth period he says, love to stay in the data $ 150,000 to.! `` there 's a normal distribution, right? `` Carl ZIMMER: the right hand been... Toads are going to notice your dad and it catches you off guard basic idea seems to be true $! Died, how they died seven out of control they ca n't parent now, other genes turn. Showed Well, he 's the guy who told us about this research that showed,! 9 and 12, one-quarter great family, but I take it that we first fell in love with listeners! Now, other genes to turn on www.wnyc.org for further information got there to pick up... 'S the good News, but I 'm doing it for my grandchildren. `` me the mother name! Was actually the same as me, so you got your good parents and your bad parents,. Really interesting going on here 's a burden that, he started publishing all of folks..., together, pledged more than $ 150,000 to her program. ],...: but this was a really good radiolab about this research that showed Well, might! 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