Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. [47] The following month, Kretschmer formed part of the pack that attacked and devastated Convoy SC 7. After a running convoy battle in which KRETSCHMER did not sleep for two days straight, he exhausted his torpedoes and set course for home. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). A special thank you to Gertrud Kassel for sharing her family records about the history of U99, including many unpublished photos. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. Okay, back to the story of U-23 and HMS ROYAL OAK. Kretschmer ordered his U-boat to be turned around, and they rescued the lone sailor. Alongside his military skill was a character that remained rooted in the traditions of the Prussian military. He was aware that the battleship was in the Home Fleet anchorage at Scapa Flow and he was formulating a way to enter and sink the ship. It noted that the destroyers "did not know how to help" and busied themselves firing star shells on a moonlit night. He was the highest scoring U-Boat ace of the war sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons. Petersen had served as Kretschmer's helmsman on every war patrol on both U-23 and U-99. Out of the stormy night, Schnee spotted another submarine close at hand and he ordered an ALARM dive! Kretschmer experienced The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking. Kretschmer docked in Lorient on 21 July. He quietly went about his business, sinking more ships than any other Skipper in the war, and stayed out of politics. Otto passed away on month day 1981, at age 85 at death place. Kretschmer formed part of "Crew 30" (the incoming class of 1930), 78strong intake of officer candidates. He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. Otto Kretschmer is a tall, very polite man with an air of gentle formality. Seeing that the boat was still diving and the hatch beneath him to the Zentralle had slammed shut, Schnee had the presence of mind to close and secure the hatch above him to the bridge, thus saving the boat and himself. So how was it that he was sunk? . On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. U-99 tried in vain to assist Prien in U-47, against OB290. [71] Winston Churchill disclosed the capture of Kretschmer to the House of Commons on 21 March. He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. 8x40 model no. [41] A notable failure on the patrol occurred in the interception of HMS Manistee. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. Con su legendario submarino Tipo VII, el U-99, se apunt desde Septiembre de 1.939 hasta Marzo de 1.941, 47 barcos hundidos con un total de 274.333 toneladas. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. On 16 June 1956, he was tasked with the creation of 1. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. [56] Laurentic and Patroclus had been loaded with wooden barrels to increase buoyancy. Prien's demise was not disclosed. [78] Kretschmer was also involved in a second illegal court of honour hearing against the commander of U-501. ; otherwise, remain on the surface, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 20:17. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. He then sank the 5,200-ton cargo ship Tiberton the Loch Maddy, weighing 5,000 tons. Nazi Admiral Otto Kretschmer was responsible for the sinking of 47 vessels in the space of just 18 months His short but prolific spell on German U-boats accounted for the sinking of 273,043 tons. In December 1934, he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln, then in January 1936 made the move to the fledgling U-boat service. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. The ship was accompanied by three other vessels, but she was darkened and the black out aroused Kretschmer's suspicions. [34] On 21 June, his ninth patrol, his boat was damaged by an Arado Ar 196 floatplane from Scharnhorst in the belief U-99 was a British submarine. He was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before being sent to Canada. [52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge. At 2250hrs on 3 November, 1940, one of the most dramatic battles of the U-boat war began. On February 22, 1941, Kretschmer set off on his final patrol. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. He demonstrated a cool approach to combat: his mantra one torpedo for one ship proved that the best way for his boat to succeed against a convoy was to remain surfaced as much as possible, penetrating the convoy and using the boats high speed and small silhouette to avoid retaliation. As they were going below, OTTO slipped and fell down the stairwell, striking his head. Kretschmer was released after seven years as a prisoner of war. [7] During this assignment, Kretschmer was promoted to Oberfhnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman) on 1 April 1934. The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. Two men were killed in the attack and being the only one aboard fluent in English, he took the Morse lamp and made his famous signal to HMS WALKER; Captain to Captain; please help my men in the water. Patroclus lost 56 crew; 230 survived. [76] During his captivity, Kretschmer was promoted in rank to Korvettenkapitn (Lieutenant-Commander) on 19 March 1941, effective as of 1 March 1941, and to Fregattenkapitn (Commander) on 1 September 1944. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. The officers were also taken to the prisoner-of-war camp at Grizedale Hall. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. [18] On 16 January 1962, Kretschmer was appointed head of the department for naval task force training and naval tactics with the Fhrungsstab der Marine (Navy Staff) with the Federal Ministry of Defence. Miraculously, power was restored and it limped back to the surface. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Two days later on 5 August, Silent OTTO succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. [18] Kretschmer served in this function until 18 June 1964 when he was appointed chief-of-staff of the Befehlshaber der Seestreitkrfte der Nordsee (German national Commander Naval Forces North Sea). I gratefully acknowledge the help of Marianna Colasuonno for patiently reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper. OTTO replied;It was necessary. Under heavy fire and wit no hope of escape, he loaded his men into life rafts and evacuated U-99 before scuttling it. Comes with leather case. On 1 November 1958, he was transferred to the position of commander of the Bundesmarine's Amphibische Streitkrfte ("amphibious forces"), a position he held until 15 January 1962. Prien's reports were picked up by the Luftwaffe which sent Focke-Wulf Fw 200s from I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG4040th Bomber Wing) to attack the convoy. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. We use cookies to improve your website experience. [28] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 15 January. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. German U-boat commander Otto Kretschmer studied literature at the University of Exeter before becoming a German war hero, Kretschmer spent almost a year at the University of Exeter - known as University College of the South West of England, Seamen abandoning a blazing tanker in an oil painting by John Hamilton. When war broke out, Kretschmer was on U-23, a short-range submarine which could not operate as far as the Atlantic, so had to stay in the North Sea. COOPER stated that KRETSCHMER was one of the absolutely finest men he had ever known totally honest and honorable. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. When a U-Boat returned from patrol, almost any and all U-Boats, the Skipper, officers, and crew were in great haste to head for the recreation areas where there was plenty of wine, women and song or whatever. A Short Sunderland appeared briefly, and Kretschmer was forced to accomplish the destruction of the ship with torpedoes, submerged. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. The British report noted of Kretschmer, "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. He was rushed to a nearby hospital in Mnchen but it was to no avail. The crew felt that this would bring them good luck so they cleaned the horseshoe, painted it gold and screwed it to the fairweather as we see in the photo to the right. [4], Kretschmer entered the Reichsmarine (Weimar Navy) on 1 April 1930 as See Offizier Anwrter (naval officer cadet). He met Adolf Hitler on more than once occasion, even having lunch with the Fhrer. 12 ships were sunk in total. [37] After sinking Magogthe submarine's first victimKretschmer gave the crew a bottle of brandy and directions to Ireland. [18], From 1 March to 31 October 1958, Kretschmer served as Admiralstabsoffizier (Astoofficer of the admiralty staff) with the Fleet Command. Kretschmer achieved good results in mathematics and chemistry and passed his Abitur (school-leaving certificate) at 17. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens. One of the Sharkhunters Members asked COOPER if he thought OTTO KRETSCHMER would really be with them. Something went wrong, please try again later. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. [65] British reports of the action mention a large red glow appearing deep below the surface amid the depth charge explosions. Haunted by him, Kretschmer ordered the boat to backtrack until the survivor was found. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. [53] Upon reaching port, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder. Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. Unfortunately, his mother died from tetanus after a medical incident, so he returned home to be with his family. [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. He had a great sense of humor during one Patrol in Germany, our bus stopped at our little gasthaus and COOPER went inside to check on the rooms. It is not possible to change the direction of a rapidly diving submarine at the wave of a hand, and so with Schnee on the bridge and both conning tower hatches fully open, U-23 disappeared beneath the North Sea. [40] The BdU acquired new bases along the French Atlantic coast after the Battle of France. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. Comes with leather case and all lens protectors.- 3) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics. Kretschmer waited for the crew to take to the lifeboats before destroying the ship with a torpedo. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. Karl Dnitz, Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU), ordered attacks on Allied shipping at sea, beginning the Battle of the Atlantic. Kretschmer's strength was evidently failing in the cold ocean; his own rescue was at the hands of a British sailor who climbed down the nets and plucked him from the water. [34] His greatest success was the sinking of Auckland Star, a 13,212GRT ship on 28 July followed by another two totalling 12,811GRT on 29 and 31 July. Three of his men were lost, but Kretschmer and the remainder of U-99's crew were captured. "[73], Of his personality and view of the war it stated, "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. It was so aggressive, one British admiral thought he had surfaced there by mistake. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. [32] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to date. Kretschmer captured the vessel, the only such ship seized by U-99. There are as many reports, theories, and wild-eyed guesses as there are forums on the Internet most of which are pure speculation and fiction. OTTO felt a sudden rush of air out of the open hatch past him and the boat was going down quickly. He was on a holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he tried climbing some almost vertical steps. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served . Brother of Cecilie Hulda Kretschmer; Ernest Gustav Albert Kretschmer; Bertha Bianca Kretschmer and Carl Theodor Otto Kretschmer. Kretschmer was released from captivity on 31 December 1947, and returned to Germany. Why his average daily tonnage sinking equaled that of de la Perrier. Footnote: Otto Kretschmer (May 1, 1912 - August 5, 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. [15] Through the remaining Interwar period, Kretschmer developed his own approach to combat, which can be summarized by the phrase "one torpedo, one ship". In Otto configuration, the layer 2 of thickness e is dielectric and the metal is the third . Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER knew OTTO KRETSCHMER better than any other researcher and the two men were good friends. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. He was the fifth member of the German armed forces to be so honored. With this result, Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has reached . [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. Although he fought doggedly for Nazi Germany during the war, his affection for Exeter remained with him until his death. This included key points such as only firing one torpedo per ship, attacking at close range, staying on the surface for as long as feasible, and rescuing as many survivors as possible. [9], On 27 August 1941, U-570 was captured by the Royal Navy. [17], Kretschmer was promoted to Kapitnleutnant (Lieutenant/Lieutenant Senior Grade) on 1 June 1939.[9]. 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We do not come into port looking like pirates with dirty uniforms, untrimmed beards and with legs hanging over the side. This stay was interrupted for an aerial defense training course at Warnemnde (510 March 1934). His brother was later killed in action. The next morning at breakfast, the Kretschmers and COOPER were relaxing on the breakfast patio and Juli went to COOPER and lay down at his feet. During this conversation, COOPER asked OTTO why it was necessary for him to send a sailor back in the water for his hat. He departed from Wilhelmshaven for his eighth war patrol on 9 February. A prize crew boarded to sail it to Bordeaux. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes . Nearby for reboarding once the attack was over after seven years as a prisoner of war he... The stairwell, striking his head on 27 August 1941, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, the. 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